NWDTW 2024

Mobile data collection has become common place in natural resources monitoring. Mobile data collection to map features (feature mapping) is the collection of data based on GPS location using tools that function across many mobile devices. This facilitates collective data efforts from many organizations and efficiently stores them in centralized datasets. This data collection method can be conducted across wide spatial and temporal scales and is easily implemented into ongoing fieldwork efforts. We have established two feature mapping mobile data collection tools for characterizing stream flow permanence and road-stream crossings. Our objective with these feature mapping efforts is to create usable and accessible peer reviewed, publicly available datasets to accompany easy to use assessment surveys.
We describe two collaboratively produced tools for efficient monitoring of headwater streams: FLOwPER and RoadxStr. FLOwPER (FLOw PERmanence) was developed by a team of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management. FLOwPER allows rapid collection of stream flow permanence observations that are being applied to model probabilities of perennial flows in headwater streams. RoadxStr is a survey tool that effectively characterizes road-stream crossings. This tool was collaboratively developed with inputs from a national and regional (Pacific Northwest) group of biologists, hydrologists, geomorphologists, and road engineers representing several different government agencies and non-governmental organizations. The broad range of experience and expertise incorporated into RoadxStr ensures the data collected meets management needs while being transferable across existing road-stream crossing datasets. Preliminary results from field surveys indicate that FLOwPER and RoadxStr are capable of quickly producing thousands of new observations on critical features of streams across broad extents.

The Colorado WSC is exploring new methods to calculate real time discharge under the ice which hopefully leads to safer and more accurate data collection. We are also looking at discrete discharge measurement techniques that require only a few holes to be drilled in the ice. Techniques include tracer measurements (i.e. salt dilution), and the PC method which only requires a stage-area rating and few holes drilled around the y-axis to record a maximum instream velocity with a current meter or ADCP, and in this case an upward looking ADVM and streamside edge computing.

This session will provide an overview of various indirect measurement methods (slope-area, culvert flow, contracted openings) and guidance on identification of high-water marks, field survey procedures, and computing and analyzing indirect measurements of peak flow.

This presentation covers a web application to quickly and easily create/access accurate maps of station vertical control points. The purpose of creating these maps is to expedite locating these points during levels and prevent issues caused by mixing up points. These maps can be easily accessed using QR codes that can be printed onto stickers placed on the inside of a gage house or added to the station paperwork.

Annual peak streamflow data from USGS streamgages are a critical dataset engineers and hydrologists use for flood frequency analyses that inform bridge designs, floodplain maps, and other projects in and along rivers. Updated Federal guidelines for flood-frequency analysis (Bulletin 17C) were released in 2019, which allow for better use of information published by the USGS, such as censored (greater than or less than) data, and data sources outside of streamgage records, such as historic peaks. In this workshop, attendees will learn how annual peak-flow data are used, what peak flow qualification codes mean and when to use them, what flood information should be included in station descriptions and manuscripts in SIMS, the proper application of “highest since” notes to annual peaks, proper treatment of peak flows at crest-stage gages, and lots of other flood-related facts. An example streamgage will be analyzed with the PeakFQ software to demonstrate application of USGS data to a real-world flood-frequency problem.

The salt dilution method is a global, time-tested approach for measuring streamflow. It is achieved by adding a known mass of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a stream, allowing it to mix through a reach, and measuring NaCl dilution via changes in specific conductance. A vast majority of USGS streamflow measurements rely on velocity-area methods, which depend on quasi-laminar flow where accuracy of measurements across the channel can be degraded in turbulent conditions. The salt dilution method is ideal for measuring turbulent streams, but the method is seldomly used by the USGS. With support from the SAWSC Science Advancement & Program Development Challenge, the salt dilution method was tested in diverse streams throughout North Carolina and Georgia. The method proved effective at many of the streams with turbulent characteristics such as bends, steep gradients or other features that encourage lateral mixing. Additionally, recent advancements in field instrumentation for measuring salt dilution via changes in specific conductance have reduced the mass of NaCl required in the stream and allow for real-time streamflow and uncertainty calculations. The project concluded that USGS programs could consider it as a reliable option at difficult-to-measure, turbulent streams. This presentation will introduce the salt dilution method to those unfamiliar with it. The audience will (1) learn to recognize site conditions favorable as well as those unfavorable for the salt dilution method, (2) learn salt dilution calculation theory, and (3) learn the basic salt dilution measurement field processes developed and assessed during the SAWSC Science Advancement & Program Development Challenge.

OKI would like to share our hydrotech bootcamp experience with the data workshop in order to share our successes, learn from our mistakes, and start a discussion with other trainers on their center's bootcamp techniques.

Unlike more established discharge methodology, salt dilution discharge measurements using on hand conductivity probes do not currently have a quantitative calculation of uncertainty. This leaves technicians and reviewers to assess the uncertainty qualitatively. Looking at aspects such as probe selection, calibration factor, pulse shape, and start/end time bias these easy tools can aid in the assessment of a salt dilution measurement. From there, proper uploading to Aquarius and archiving allow for future reviews to have pertinent information and feel confident in the use of the measurements going forward.